{"id":150988,"date":"2024-09-20T13:54:09","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T11:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/?p=150988"},"modified":"2024-09-20T13:54:09","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T11:54:09","slug":"sabies-que-la-llum-la-llum-del-mediterrani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/ca\/sabies-que-la-llum-la-llum-del-mediterrani\/","title":{"rendered":"Sabies qu\u00e8? La llum, la llum del Mediterrani"},"content":{"rendered":"

Per Ferran Garc\u00e9s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dintre de dos dies comen\u00e7ar\u00e0 la tardor. \u00c9s el per\u00edode de l\u2019any quan les hores del dia i de la nit son, aproximadament, les mateixes. Ara b\u00e9, de manera gradual, les nits es faran m\u00e9s llargues i els dies m\u00e9s curts. Una estaci\u00f3 que poetes de tot el m\u00f3n han aprofitat per reflexionar sobre la llum. Triem, doncs, aquesta setmana per recordar el que la llum volia dir per Gaud\u00ed, i ho farem fent servir les seves pr\u00f2pies paraules.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019ordenaci\u00f3 de la llum<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En primer lloc, cal esmentar que, segons Gaud\u00ed, \u201cL\u2019arquitectura \u00e9s el primer art pl\u00e0stic; l\u2019escultura i la pintura necessiten la primera. Tota la seva excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia ve de la llum. L\u2019arquitectura \u00e9s l\u2019ordenaci\u00f3 de la llum\u201d (1)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En segon lloc cal assenyalar que la llum \u201cordenada\u201d per Gaud\u00ed no \u00e9s una llum qualsevol. El propi arquitecte es van encarregar de precisar quina era<\/span>. Segons ell, \u201cLa virtut est\u00e0 en el punt mitj\u00e0; Mediterrani vol dir al mig de la terra. En les seves ribes de llum mitjana i a 45 graus, que \u00e9s la que millor defineix els cossos i en mostra la forma, \u00e9s el lloc on han florit les grans cultures art\u00edstiques, per la ra\u00f3 d\u2019aquesta equilibri de llum: ni massa ni poca\u201d (2)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Una llum tan arrelada al Mediterrani que Gaud\u00ed va confessar en una ocasi\u00f3:\u00a0 \u201cNecessito veure el mar sovint, i molts diumenges me\u2019n vaig a l\u2019escullera (de Barcelona) El mar \u00e9s l\u2019\u00fanica cosa que em sintetitza les tres dimensions -espai-. A la superf\u00edcie, s\u2019hi reflecteix el cel, i a trav\u00e9s d\u2019ella veig el fons i el moviment. El meu ideal seria veure tot aix\u00f2 a la platja del Miracle de Tarragona, on la llum i els colors tenen uns altres matisos; per\u00f2 m\u2019haig de conformar veient-ho des de l\u2019escullera\u201d (3)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aquesta concepci\u00f3 de la llum no \u00e9s nom\u00e9s est\u00e8tica. Gaud\u00ed tamb\u00e9 la va aplicar per parlar de les seves idees pol\u00edtiques. <\/span>L\u20191 d\u2019agost de 1917 va morir Prat de la Riba, advocat, periodista i el primer president de la Mancomunitat de Catalunya. En una entrevista realitzada el 9 d\u2019agost d\u2019aquell any, l\u2019arquitecte va donar la seva opini\u00f3 sobre la situaci\u00f3 de Catalunya arrel d\u2019un homenatge al difunt pol\u00edtic. Cap a la meitat de l\u2019entrevista, digu\u00e9:\u00a0 \u201cEls catalans tenen el sentit de la plasticitat que \u00e9s lo que dona idea del conjunt dels objectes i de sa situaci\u00f3 relativa. El mar, la llum mediterr\u00e0nia, donen aquesta admirable qualitat de la percepci\u00f3. Per aix\u00f2 als catalans la realitat mai els enganya, sin\u00f3 que\u2019ls instrueix\u201d (4)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La llista de frases, com veiem, \u00e9s llarga. Aqu\u00ed nom\u00e9s volien fer una petita recopilaci\u00f3 per emfatitzar la seva import\u00e0ncia per Gaud\u00ed (5) <\/span>Torre Bellesguard \u00e9s el lloc ideal per comprovar-ho gr\u00e0cies als jocs de llum dins de la casa i a la contemplaci\u00f3 del Mediterrani des del terrat. D\u2019altra banda, Bellesguard amaga una ordenaci\u00f3 de la llum que transcendeixen el que el ull pot captar nom\u00e9s un dia…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nous estudis, nous descobriments<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La gnom\u00f2nica, del grec\u202f<\/span>gn\u00f2mon<\/span><\/i>\u202f\u201csaber, con\u00e8ixer\u201d, \u00e9s la ci\u00e8ncia que estudia la traject\u00f2ria del Sol i el seu \u00fas per crear projeccions espec\u00edfiques sobre superf\u00edcies. <\/span>El Grup de Recerca Bellesguard<\/span><\/a> ha trobat les evid\u00e8ncies de l\u2019\u00fas de la gnom\u00f2nica en la construcci\u00f3 de Bellesguard, en la seva dimensi\u00f3 pr\u00e0ctica i funcional, art\u00edstica i ornamental, per\u00f2 molt especialment, en la seva dimensi\u00f3 simb\u00f2lica, amb m\u00faltiples significats i lectures.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

El descobriment va tenir lloc gr\u00e0cies a\u202f<\/span>Carles Salillas<\/span><\/b>, gestor de Bellesguard, qui durant un any va estar observant que l\u2019estel del vitrall de la fa\u00e7ana principal projectava un joc de llums, colors i ombres que, depenent de l\u2019estaci\u00f3 de l\u2019any i l\u2019hora del dia, encaixava amb l\u2019\u00f2cul situat en una de les columnes.\u202f<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019any passat, en ocasi\u00f3 del des\u00e8 aniversari oberts al p\u00fablic de Torre Bellesguard, <\/span>Galdric Santana<\/span><\/b>, director del Grup de Recerca Bellesguard, va revelar el seu estudi d\u2019aquesta sorprenent projecci\u00f3. La seva investigaci\u00f3 permet afirmar que Gaud\u00ed coneixia perfectament els principis de la gnom\u00f2nica. Coneixement que va aplicar a Torre Bellesguard amb gran efectivitat. El moment \u00e0lgid i de m\u00e0xima nitidesa de la projecci\u00f3 de l\u2019estel es dona el dia de Nadal, entre les quatre i les cinc de la tarda. Un estel que, per si no fos poc, a nivell simb\u00f2lic est\u00e0 relacionat amb la Inmaculada Concepci\u00f3 <\/a>i els Reis Mags<\/a>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed mateix, s\u2019ha descobert un segon efecte, on la projecci\u00f3 de l\u2019estel queda encaixada amb l\u2019\u00f2cul, projectant un cercle perfecte a la paret posterior. Aquest efecte es dona en dos moments de l\u2019any, a finals d\u2019octubre i a mitjans de febrer. Encara no s\u2019ha pogut desxifrar el significat. La recerca encara continua. \u201cL\u2019ordenaci\u00f3 de la llum\u201d a Torre Bellesguard encara promet m\u00e9s sorpreses…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\" \"\"<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Notes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) Puig-Boada, Isidre (1980)\u202f<\/span>El pensament de Gaud\u00ed. Compilaci\u00f3 de textos i comentaris<\/span><\/i>, Barcelona, Publicacions del Col\u00b7leg\u00ed d\u2019Arquitectes de Catalunya, p. 98 (frase 30. Les arts)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(2) <\/span>Op. Cit., p. 91 (frase 4. Mediterrani I)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(3) <\/span>Ibid., p. 91 (frase 5. Mediterrani II) Es refereix a l\u2019escullera de Barcelona.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(4) <\/span>Maria R\u00e0fols, Josep (13\/08\/2023), \u201c<\/a><\/span>Les \u00faniques declaracions que va fer Gaud\u00ed les public\u00e0 en exclusiva una revista de Vilanova<\/span>\u201d, Eix diari<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(5) <\/span>En l\u2019obra esmentada de Puig-Boda (1980), veure p. 91-100; p. 107 (\u201cL\u2019art, doncs, no \u00e9s del Nord, d\u2019ells \u00e9s la ci\u00e8ncia; l\u2019arquitectura es mediterr\u00e0nia\u201d); p. 118-120, on parla de la il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3 dels temples, criticant l\u2019abundor de llum el\u00e8ctrica per corre el risc de ser pretensiosa; p. 210 (\u201cla llum \u00e9s harmonia, dona relleu, decora\u201d), p. 226 (\u201cLa Gl\u00f2ria \u00e9s la llum, la llum dona la joia i la joia \u00e9s l\u2019alegria de l\u2019esperit\u201d), etc…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Per Ferran Garc\u00e9s\u00a0 Dintre de dos dies comen\u00e7ar\u00e0 la tardor. \u00c9s el per\u00edode de l\u2019any quan les hores del dia i de la nit son, aproximadament, les mateixes. Ara b\u00e9, de manera gradual, les nits es faran m\u00e9s llargues i els dies m\u00e9s curts. Una estaci\u00f3 que poetes de tot el m\u00f3n han aprofitat per […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":151009,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[166],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-150988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualitat"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSabies qu\u00e8? 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