{"id":153947,"date":"2025-03-13T12:18:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-13T11:18:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/?p=153947"},"modified":"2025-03-21T11:20:36","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T10:20:36","slug":"les-dones-de-bellesguard-dues-reines-un-palau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/ca\/les-dones-de-bellesguard-dues-reines-un-palau\/","title":{"rendered":"Les dones de Bellesguard: dues reines, un palau…\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Per Ferran Garc\u00e9s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

El final del Casal de Barcelona s\u2019acostuma a situar a 1410, amb la mort del rei Mart\u00ed I l\u2019Hum\u00e0<\/a>, sense cap hereu. Aquesta frase \u00e9s certa si ens fitxem nom\u00e9s en els descendents masculins del llinatge. Ara b\u00e9, despr\u00e9s del funeral del rei, encara vivien dos membres femenins. Les dues reines que van habitar Bellesguard. Avui parlarem d\u2019elles, i la seva lluita per aquest palau. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Margarida de Prades (1387-1429)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Resident: 1410-14012, Propiet\u00e0ria: 1410-1422<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Amb el pas del temps, la representaci\u00f3 de les reines medievals ha anat canviant, des del paradigma de dona passiva a una percepci\u00f3 m\u00e9s activa, plena de matisos. El cas m\u00e9s paradigm\u00e0tic del canvi al qual fem refer\u00e8ncia \u00e9s la dona amb la qual comen\u00e7a el llistat. En la historiografia de la seva \u00e8poca, la figura de Margarida es redu\u00efa a un paper secundari, com l\u2019esposa que no va poder donar-li un nou hereu a Mart\u00ed l\u2019Hum\u00e0. En realitat, les refer\u00e8ncies a ella acostumen a ser xafarderies dels remeis sexuals emprats per aconseguir que la parella real pogu\u00e9s tenir un fill (1).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A partir de la Renaixen\u00e7a, en temps de Gaud\u00ed, Margarida adoptar\u00e0 una imatge rom\u00e0ntica, com musa de poetes (2), tant en el seu temps com en \u00e8poca de Gaud\u00ed. Entre altres, Jacint Verdaguer, amic de l\u2019arquitecte, li va dedicar un poema on, aprofitant el nom de la reina, diu que, entre totes les flors del jard\u00ed de Bellesguard<\/a>, el cor del rei Mart\u00ed s\u2019ha robat una margarida.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Estudis m\u00e9s recents, han allargat la personalitat de Margarida. Avui se la considera \u201cuna reina que, desde su posici\u00f3n de vulnerabilidad y asfixiada por los problemas econ\u00f3micos, no se rindi\u00f3, sino que mostro una actitud rebelde y beligerante que se sirvi\u00f3 de los escasos recursos con los que contaba para salir adelante\u201d (3) D\u2019altra banda, Margarida va demostrar que s\u00ed que podia tenir fills. Ho va fer amb Juan de Vilaragut, acte que avui en dia, s\u2019interpreta com una prova del fet que mai va adoptar una actitud passiva o submisa (vegeu: un amor secret<\/a>).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I ara una mica de context cronol\u00f2gic. Margarida de Prades va entrar al palau de Bellesguard per la porta gran, donat que ho va fer per casar-se amb el rei Mart\u00ed, a 1409. En conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, tot fa pensar que havia de ser ella la seg\u00fcent resident al palau del seu marit.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En la pr\u00e0ctica, per\u00f2, el Casal de Barcelona estava arru\u00efnat, i v\u00edctima dels incessants debutes acumulats, va perdre tant el palau de Bellesguard com tota la resta de la seva her\u00e8ncia com viuda del rei Mart\u00ed (vegeu: \u201cla carta de la reina que va perdre el seu palau\u201d<\/a>) A 1422, per incompliment d\u2019un pr\u00e9stec demanat a la seva cunyada, Violant de Bar, va renunciar definitivament a Bellesguard (4) Una cunyada que feia temps ambicionava el palau…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3: les Veus de Bellesguard<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> Margarita<\/span><\/p>\n

Violant de Bar (1364-1431)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Resident: 1410\/1412-1431<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Poques personalitats tan dif\u00edcils de resumir com la que ara tractarem. Violant de Bar va ser la segona esposa de Joan I El Ca\u00e7ador, el germ\u00e0 de Mart\u00ed I l\u2019Hum\u00e0. D\u2019una banda, la hist\u00f2ria la descriu com una reina culta i activa en les tasques de govern del regne. De fet, es considera que era ella qui realment portava les regnes de l\u2019estat. Emparentada amb la casa reial de Fran\u00e7a (dinastia Valois), va rebre una educaci\u00f3 refinada, coincidint amb els millors artistes i literats de la cort a Par\u00eds. Una vegada a Barcelona, va convertir la ciutat comtal en un altre centre cultural que impuls\u00e0 la literatura i la llengua catalana. Els Jocs Florals, \u201ccolumna vertebral\u201d de la Renaixen\u00e7a Catalana, es van instaurar a Catalunya gr\u00e0cies a ella (5)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u2019altra banda, Violant de Bar ha sigut descrita com una amant del luxe, com tamb\u00e9 el seu marit, anomenat \u201cL\u2019Amador de la Gentilesa\u201d i, al mateix temps, \u201cEl Descurat\u201d. Es considera que ambd\u00f3s van ser els responsables del desordre administratiu i financer del seu regnat. Per si no n’hi hagu\u00e9s prou, Violant de Bar tamb\u00e9 a passat a la hist\u00f2ria com una persona ambiciosa, present en totes les intrigues d\u2019aquell temps, comen\u00e7ant per la seva sogra, Sibil\u00b7la de Forti\u00e0. El seu conflicte va inspirar l\u2019obra de teatre <\/span>Batalla de reines<\/span><\/i><\/a> de Frederic Soler, “Pitarra”, a 1887. Li seguiran altres enfrontaments amb el mateix Mart\u00ed l\u2019Hum\u00e0 i la seva primera esposa, Maria de Luna. Josep M. Vall Comaposada, el primer bi\u00f2graf de Bellesguard, ho resumeix de la seg\u00fcent manera:\u00a0 \u201c\u00c9s paradoxal que Violant de Bar, la qual, a la mort del seu marit Joan I, va al\u00b7legar falsament que esperava un fill p\u00f2stum del rei difunt per a mirar d\u2019escatimar el tron a Mart\u00ed, mor\u00eds en la resid\u00e8ncia somniada per aquest (es refereix a Bellesguard), mentre que ell va morir en una cel\u00b7la del monestir de Valldonzella<\/a>\u201d (6)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9s encara m\u00e9s paradoxal que, una vegada enterrat el rei Mart\u00ed, i malgrat residir en el palau Margarida de Prades, la reina Violant aconsegueixi ocupar Bellesguard i, des d\u2019all\u00ed, pugui despatxar cartes oficials i fer altres gestions pol\u00edtiques.\u00a0<\/span>Citem, una vegada m\u00e9s a Josep M. Vall Comaposada: \u201cPer qu\u00e8 va marxar de Bellesguard? Francesca Vendrell ens dona una possible resposta: la constant pres\u00e8ncia de Violant de Bar. Per un seguit de cartes datades entre octubre de 1410 i gener de 1411 sabem que Violant estava instal\u00b7lada a la torre i que despatxava missives en favor del seu net Lluis, llavors pretendent a la Corona\u201d (7)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Durant el Comprom\u00eds de Casp<\/a>, Violant, a causa d\u2019afavorir a aquest net es va enfrontar al pretendent guanyador, Ferran d\u2019Antequera. Tot i aix\u00f2, l\u2019experimentada reina va sobreviure, una vegada m\u00e9s, als seus enemics. Al final, mentre Mart\u00ed l\u2019Hum\u00e0 nom\u00e9s havia viscut un any a Bellesguard, de 1409 a 1410, i Margarida de Prades, no molt m\u00e9s de dos anys, fins a 1412, ella, en canvi, ho far\u00e0 fins a la seva mort a 1431. Ara b\u00e9, per aconseguir-ho va comptar amb un suport inesperat. Ho desvelarem la setmana vinent…<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3: les Veus de Bellesguard<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> Violant<\/span><\/p>\n

Notes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) Duran i Ca\u00f1ameras, F\u00e8lix (1953),\u201cMargarida de Prades (II. Les noces)\u201d, <\/span>Butllet\u00ed de la Societat Catalana d\u2019Estudis Hist\u00f2rics<\/span><\/i>,\u202fpp. 43-46. Veure en l\u00ednia: aqu\u00ed.<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Fort i Cogul, Eufemi\u00e0 (1998, 2\u00aa ed.), <\/span>Margarida de Prades<\/span><\/i>, Rafael Dalmau, Barcelona, p. 52-58<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) Martin Lloris, C., G\u00f3mez-Ferrer Lozano, G., (2023), \u201cMargarida de Prades y la disputa sobre la propiedad de las rel\u00edquies reales\u201d, Locvs Amoenus, 21, Unviversidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, p. 25<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(4) Explicaci\u00f3 detallada de com Violant es va instal\u00b7lar permanent a Bellesguard: Vall i Comaposada, Josep M. (2014),\u202f<\/span>Bellesguard. De la resid\u00e8ncia de Mart\u00ed l\u2019Hum\u00e0 a la torre de Gaud\u00ed<\/span><\/i>, Duxelem, Barcelona, p. 76-77<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(5) Hughes, Robert (1992), Barcelona, Anagrama, Barcelona, pp. 390-391<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(6) Vall i Comaposada, Josep M. Op. Cit., p. 77<\/span>\u00a0<\/span> Breu explicaci\u00f3: el rei Mart\u00ed va abandonar Bellesguard pocs dies abans de morir en el monestir de Valdonzella<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(7) Ib\u00edd, p. 75 L’historiadora mencionada per Vall i Comaposada \u00e9s: Vendrell Gallostra, Francisca (1992), “Violante de Bar y el compromiso de Caspe”, Real Academia de Buenas Letras, Barcelona. Veure en l\u00ednea: aqu\u00ed. <\/a><\/span>Aquesta historiadora detalla, a m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s, la subtilesa amb la qual la reina Violant es va apropar a Bellesguard. Mentre el rei Mart\u00ed I era viu, va abandonar casa seva a Barcelona i es va instal\u00b7lar al monestir de Pedralbes, l’habitatge noble m\u00e9s proper al palau: \u00a0\u201cInstalada en el monasterio, le resultaba m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil el camino para frecuentar sus visitas a la torre de Bellesguard, residencia continua del rey y su nueva esposa Margarita de Prades\u201d (Vendrell Gallostra, F., p.31)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Per Ferran Garc\u00e9s\u00a0\u00a0 El final del Casal de Barcelona s\u2019acostuma a situar a 1410, amb la mort del rei Mart\u00ed I l\u2019Hum\u00e0, sense cap hereu. Aquesta frase \u00e9s certa si ens fitxem nom\u00e9s en els descendents masculins del llinatge. Ara b\u00e9, despr\u00e9s del funeral del rei, encara vivien dos membres femenins. Les dues reines que […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":153948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-153947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-day-like-today"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes dones de Bellesguard: dues reines, un palau...\u00a0\u00a0 - Obra Modernista de Antoni Gaud\u00ed en Barcelona | Torre Bellesguard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/ca\/les-dones-de-bellesguard-dues-reines-un-palau\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les dones de Bellesguard: dues reines, un palau...\u00a0\u00a0 - Obra Modernista de Antoni Gaud\u00ed en Barcelona | Torre Bellesguard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Per Ferran Garc\u00e9s\u00a0\u00a0 El final del Casal de Barcelona s\u2019acostuma a situar a 1410, amb la mort del rei Mart\u00ed I l\u2019Hum\u00e0, sense cap hereu. Aquesta frase \u00e9s certa si ens fitxem nom\u00e9s en els descendents masculins del llinatge. Ara b\u00e9, despr\u00e9s del funeral del rei, encara vivien dos membres femenins. 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