{"id":157650,"date":"2025-08-07T12:11:55","date_gmt":"2025-08-07T10:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/?p=157650"},"modified":"2025-08-08T09:04:33","modified_gmt":"2025-08-08T07:04:33","slug":"la-casa-pairal-la-llar-ideal-de-gaudi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/ca\/la-casa-pairal-la-llar-ideal-de-gaudi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cLa casa Pairal\u201d, la llar ideal de Gaud\u00ed.\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Per Ferran Garc\u00e9s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

El 10 d\u2019agost de 1870, \u00e9s a dir, aquest diumenge fa cent cinquanta-cinc anys, un Gaud\u00ed jove va escriure: \u201cL\u2019ornamentaci\u00f3 a fi que sigui interessant ha de representar objectes que ens recordin idees po\u00e8tiques que constitueixen motius. Els motius s\u00f3n hist\u00f2rics, llegend\u00e0ries, d\u2019acci\u00f3, emblem\u00e0tics, fabularis, pel que fa a l\u2019home i a la seva vida, accions i passi\u00f3. I, quant a la natura, poden ser representatius del regne animal i vegetal i topogr\u00e0fic\u201d (1)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La frase forma part de l\u2019anomenat <\/span>Manuscrit de Reus<\/span><\/i>, un diari escrit entre 1870, l\u2019any quan Gaud\u00ed entra a l\u2019Escola d\u2019Arquitectura, i 1878, l\u2019any que va obtenir el t\u00edtol d\u2019arquitecte. Durant aquella \u00e8poca d\u2019estudiant, Gaud\u00ed tamb\u00e9 va redactar altres textos, dels pocs que va fer. En tots ells va repetir la idea amb qu\u00e8 hem obert l\u2019article, deixant clar, de bon principi, el que seria un dels trets m\u00e9s representatius del seu art: funcionalitat i poesia.\u202f Per exemple, en un escrit destinat a explicar els canelobres de la pla\u00e7a Reial, un dels seus primers enc\u00e0rrecs, digu\u00e9: \u201cals carrers no n\u2019hi ha prou amb l\u2019austera comoditat, sin\u00f3 que l\u2019art ha de vestir-los\u201d, i posava d\u2019exemple, l\u2019ornamentaci\u00f3 dels llocs p\u00fablics d\u2019Atenes i de Roma (2)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ara b\u00e9, de tots aquells escrits de joventut, el m\u00e9s interessant, potser, \u00e9s l\u2019anomenat La casa pairal<\/em>, destinat a explicar la casa ideal de Gaud\u00ed per Gaud\u00ed. Com l\u2019original no porta data, resulta dif\u00edcil especificar quan ho va fer, encara que sembla segur que va ser en alg\u00fa moment durant la redacci\u00f3 d\u2019<\/span>El Manuscrit de Reus <\/span><\/i>(3) A continuaci\u00f3 reprodu\u00efm alguns dels aspectes m\u00e9s rellevants d\u2019aquest text.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Propietat i lloguer, camp i ciutat<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Els seg\u00fcents punts s\u00f3n frases originals del mateix Gaud\u00ed (4). A la foto, podeu llegir-les amb la seva pr\u00f2pia cal\u00b7ligrafia.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La casa \u00e9s la petita naci\u00f3 de la fam\u00edlia<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La fam\u00edlia, com la naci\u00f3 t\u00e9 hist\u00f2ria, relacions exteriors, canvis de govern, etc.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La fam\u00edlia independent t\u00e9 casa pr\u00f2pia, la que no ho \u00e9s t\u00e9 casa de lloguer.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La casa pr\u00f2pia \u00e9s el pa\u00eds natal, la de lloguer \u00e9s el pa\u00eds de l\u2019emigraci\u00f3. Per aix\u00f2 la casa pr\u00f2pia \u00e9s l\u2019ideal de tothom.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A la casa de fam\u00edlia se li ha dat el nom de casa pairal. Amb aquest nom, qui no recorda algun bonic exemple al camp o a la ciutat? L\u2019esperit de lucre i els canvis dels consums han fet desapar\u00e8ixer de la nostra ciutat la major part de les cases pairals; les que resten gaudeixen d\u2019una situaci\u00f3 tan oprimida i insuficient, que acabar\u00e0 amb elles.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La necessitat de la casa pairal no \u00e9s sols d\u2019una \u00e8poca i d\u2019una fam\u00edlia determinada, \u00e9s la necessitat de tothom i de sempre.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Funcionalitat i poesia<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3, Gaud\u00ed descriu amb detall les diferents seccions d\u2019una casa ideal, amb detalls m\u00e9s o menys \u201cprevisibles\u201d, com l\u2019orientaci\u00f3 de les habitacions a partir de les necessitats de llum i il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3 a l\u2019estiu i l\u2019hivern. Al final, per\u00f2, especifica un detall que ens recorda all\u00f3 que fa tan especial a Gaudi, all\u00f3 del que parlava el mateix a\u00a0<\/span>la frase inicial d\u2019aquest article, escrita recordem\u00a0 fa cent cinquanta-cinc anys:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cS\u2019hi troben representants els records de fam\u00edlia, les gestes hist\u00f2riques, <\/span>les llegendes de la terra, les delicades concepcions dels nostres poetes, els espectacles i escenes de la mare naturalesa<\/span><\/b>, tot all\u00f2 que t\u00e9 una significaci\u00f3 i un estima. En una paraula: de fills a fills\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Les \u00fatlimes frases de La Casa Pairal<\/em>, s\u00f3n: En fi, la casa que imaginem t\u00e9 dos objectes: el primer, per les seves condicions higi\u00e8niques, fer \u00e9ssers forts i robustos (d\u2019aquells que en ella creixen i es desenvolupen) <\/span>i segon, mitjan\u00e7ant les condicions art\u00edstiques<\/span><\/b>, dotar-los, dins el possible, de la nostra proverbial enteresa de car\u00e0cter.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En un mot, fer dels fills que all\u00ed hi neixin veritables fills de la casa pairal\u201d.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Torre Bellesguard, exemple de funcionalitat i poesia\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Torre Bellesguard \u00e9s un bon exemple de l\u2019ideal de joventut de Gaud\u00ed. D\u2019una banda, els seus primers propietaris, els Figueras, va ser una fam\u00edlia amb m\u00e9s d\u2019un fill, que compartia els ideals de l\u2019arquitecte. Per exemple, tots ells formaven part del Cercle Art\u00edstic de Sant Llu\u00e7, un centre freq\u00fcentat per altres amics i col\u00b7laboradors de Gaud\u00ed com els germans Llimona i Joan Rubi\u00f3 (vegeu: Jaume Figueras<\/a>)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u2019altra banda, la casa est\u00e0 plena de detalls pr\u00e0ctics, com els sistemes antipluja (vegeu: pissarra, doble coberta i desguassos<\/a>), i, al mateix temps, d\u2019ornamentaci\u00f3 po\u00e8tica, que combina tant \u201cles llegendes de la terra\u201d com \u201cles escenes de la mare naturalesa\u201d, recomanades pel jove Gaud\u00ed (vegeu: les llegendes de Bellesguard<\/a>).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Amb aquest fi al cap, a m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s, Gaud\u00ed no sols va\u00a0 construir la casa i sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 va restaurar les ru\u00efnes de l\u2019antic palau que hi havia a la finca (vegeu: Arquitecte i restaurador<\/a>) En la finestra del vest\u00edbul, fins i tot, es combina il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3, simbologia religiosa i gnom\u00f2nica, la ci\u00e8ncia darrera dels rellotges solars i els efectes lum\u00ednics en els temples antics (vegeu: el goig de la llum<\/a>)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Orfenat i Maternitat<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e9s curi\u00f3s encara. Recordem que el jove Gaud\u00ed est\u00e0 parlant, en tot moment, de fills i de fills forts i amb car\u00e0cter, doncs b\u00e9, ell no ho podia saber, per\u00f2 resulta que una d\u00e8cada despr\u00e9s de la seva mort, durant la Guerra Civil Espanyola, Torre Bellesguard va esdevenir un orfenat<\/a>, \u00e9s a dir, un lloc on un grapat de nens i noies va poder refugiar-se lluny de la zona de combat. A m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s, acabada la guerra, la fam\u00edlia Guilera<\/a>, els segons propietaris de la casa, van convertir Torre Bellesguard en una Maternitat, on han nascut un gran nombre de fills i filles (vegeu: els infants de Bellesguard<\/a> i Nascuts a Bellesguard<\/a>).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ara ja sabem com havia de ser la casa ideal per Gaud\u00ed. Almenys, quan era jove i encara tenia un futur incert al davant. Malauradament, el dest\u00ed va fer que aquell prometedor estudiant mai pogu\u00e9s formar una fam\u00edlia i criar els seus propis fills. M\u00e9s curi\u00f3s encara, moltes de les cases on va residir Gaud\u00ed a Barcelona eren de lloguer, o d\u2019un familiar seu, com una tia materna. A m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s, cap d\u2019ells fou d\u2019estil modernista. Finalment, quan en va comprar una, amb m\u00e9s de cinquanta anys, era obra d\u2019altre arquitecte. Nom\u00e9s els vuit \u00faltims mesos de la seva vida, Gaud\u00ed va residir en un lloc dissenyat per ell, per\u00f2 no era una casa sin\u00f3 l\u2019obrador de la Sagrada Fam\u00edlia.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

De tot aix\u00f2, i m\u00e9s, parlarem el divendres vinent.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Notes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) Puig-Boada, Isidre (1981) El pensament de Gaud\u00ed. Compilaci\u00f3 de textos i comentaris, Publicacions del Collegi d\u2019Arquitectes de Catalunya, Barcelona, p. 28. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Existeix una publicaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s recent i ampliada: Mercader, Laura (2002) <\/span>Antoni Gaud\u00ed. Escritos y documentos<\/span><\/i>, Acantilado, Barcelona.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Del Manuscrit de Reus, tamb\u00e9 existeix una enquadernaci\u00f3 de luxe: Editor (2024), <\/span>Gaud\u00ed, Manuscrito de Reus<\/span><\/i>, Hartley & Marks Publishers Ltd.<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Ib\u00edd, p. 18. El nom d\u2019aquest escrit, de cara oficial perqu\u00e8 el va presentar a l\u2019Ajuntament de Barcelona, \u00e9s: \u201cCanelobre \u2013 Apunts descriptius del projecte de canelobres de grup, per a places i passeigs de la ciutat de Barcelona\u201d.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) Ib\u00edd, p. 10 (cercar lletra E)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(4) Ib\u00edd, p. 73-75<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Per Ferran Garc\u00e9s\u00a0\u00a0 El 10 d\u2019agost de 1870, \u00e9s a dir, aquest diumenge fa cent cinquanta-cinc anys, un Gaud\u00ed jove va escriure: \u201cL\u2019ornamentaci\u00f3 a fi que sigui interessant ha de representar objectes que ens recordin idees po\u00e8tiques que constitueixen motius. Els motius s\u00f3n hist\u00f2rics, llegend\u00e0ries, d\u2019acci\u00f3, emblem\u00e0tics, fabularis, pel que fa a l\u2019home i a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":157651,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-157650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saps-que"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cLa casa Pairal\u201d, la llar ideal de Gaud\u00ed.\u00a0\u00a0 - Obra Modernista de Antoni Gaud\u00ed en Barcelona | Torre Bellesguard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/ca\/la-casa-pairal-la-llar-ideal-de-gaudi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cLa casa Pairal\u201d, la llar ideal de Gaud\u00ed.\u00a0\u00a0 - Obra Modernista de Antoni Gaud\u00ed en Barcelona | Torre Bellesguard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Per Ferran Garc\u00e9s\u00a0\u00a0 El 10 d\u2019agost de 1870, \u00e9s a dir, aquest diumenge fa cent cinquanta-cinc anys, un Gaud\u00ed jove va escriure: \u201cL\u2019ornamentaci\u00f3 a fi que sigui interessant ha de representar objectes que ens recordin idees po\u00e8tiques que constitueixen motius. 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