{"id":68619,"date":"2023-08-14T13:58:02","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T11:58:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/?p=68619"},"modified":"2023-08-17T10:56:34","modified_gmt":"2023-08-17T08:56:34","slug":"saps-que-bellesguard-abans-de-gaudi-guarida-i-academia-part-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/ca\/saps-que-bellesguard-abans-de-gaudi-guarida-i-academia-part-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"Saps qu\u00e8? Bellesguard ABANS de Gaud\u00ed, Guarida i Acad\u00e8mia. Part III"},"content":{"rendered":"

Per: Ferran Garc\u00e9s<\/span><\/p>\n

A 1410 va morir Mart\u00ed I l’Hum\u00e0<\/a>, el primer propietari del palau de Bellesguard. Una de les \u00faltimes persones en acompanyar al rei va ser Ferrer de Gualbes, conseller en cap de Barcelona (1) Curiosament, tres segles m\u00e9s tard, a voltants de 1703, un altre Gualbes, restaur\u00e0 el derru\u00eft castell de Bellesguard i li donar\u00e0 una segona \u00e8poca d’esplendor, esdevenint la seu d’una Acad\u00e8mia. Tanmateix, si hem de fer cas a les llegendes, Bellesguard va ser abans la guarida d’un bandoler fam\u00f3s. En la foto de la cap\u00e7alera veiem els retrats dels protagonistes dels quals estem parlant avui: Joan Serralonga<\/a> (1594-1634), el bandit, i Joan Gualbes<\/a> (1643-1714), el noble. Malgrat que mai van coincidir, les seves vides es confonen en el record d’una \u00e8poca marcada per dues devastadores guerres.<\/span><\/p>\n

Guarida<\/strong><\/p>\n

El 8 de gener de 1634, Joan de Serrallonga, va ser penjat i esquarterat a la pla\u00e7a del Rei de Barcelona. La llegenda diu que, per servir d’escarment, les diferents parts del seu cos van ser mostrades p\u00fablicament als llocs on havia viscut. La mateixa llegenda afegeixes que un d’aquests llocs podria ser Bellesguard, on s’hauria amagat aprofitant que la propietat estava deshabitada i en ru\u00efnes. Ara b\u00e9, altres indrets de Barcelona tamb\u00e9 reclamen l’honor d’haver encobert al bandoler (2)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

D’altra banda, la investigaci\u00f3 hist\u00f2rica recent, sembla que contradiu la visi\u00f3 d’un castell enderrocat i desolat. A l’\u00e8poca de Serrallonga, malgrat que en un estat de creixent aband\u00f3, el palau original de Mart\u00ed I encara continuava intacte. La havien ocupat diferents propietaris de la noblesa barcelonina. La seva destrucci\u00f3 parcial va ser conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de la Guerra dels Segadors (1640-1652), i aleshores el bandoler ja era mort (3). En realitat, la relaci\u00f3 entre Bellesguard i Serrallonga continua sent misteriosa i dif\u00edcil de recrear. Dit aix\u00f2, el cas \u00e9s que els ve\u00efns m\u00e9s grans de Sant Gervasi recorden que sempre havien sentit parlar de Bellesguard com “el castell d’en Serrallonga”.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Acad\u00e8mia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sigui com sigui, Bellesguard va ser reconstru\u00eft al voltant de 1703, quan l’heretat va passar a mans de Joan Ferrer Bonaventura de Gualbes i Copons. Com ja comentaven al principi, aquest noble, descendent d’una fam\u00edlia que havia servit a Mart\u00ed I l’Hum\u00e0, va restaurar l’edifici i li va propiciar un segon moment d’esplendor, en convertir-la en la seu de l’Acad\u00e8mia dels Desconfiats. La instituci\u00f3 original fou fundada al palau Dalmases, dins de la ciutat de Barcelona, a 1700, per\u00f2, tres anys despr\u00e9s, es va traslladar al palau del Gualbes, aleshores un terreny a\u00efllat fora de les muralles. Esdev\u00e9 Bellesguard, en aquest moment, tamb\u00e9 una guarida, per\u00f2 no de bandolers, sin\u00f3 de conspiradors?… Comencem per recordar l’emblema d’aquesta Acad\u00e8mia.<\/span><\/p>\n

AA 1637, el conegut fil\u00f2sof Ren\u00e9 Descartes havia formulat el seu fam\u00f3s dubte met\u00f2dic. El nom de l’Acad\u00e8mia reflecteix, doncs, el corrent d’escepticisme propi d’aquella \u00e8poca, produ\u00eft per la revisi\u00f3 dels grans dogmes religiosos i cient\u00edfics. No \u00e9s casual, en conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, que el seu lema era Tuta, quia diffidens<\/em> (“Segura, perqu\u00e8 desconfia”), frase que s’observa a la part superior de la foto anterior.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Al principi, les sessions de l’Acad\u00e8mia versaven sobre erudici\u00f3 cl\u00e0ssica, filosofia moral, m\u00fasica, hist\u00f2ria i poesia de Catalunya, etc. Ara b\u00e9, la situaci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica del moment, cada vegada m\u00e9s tensa i bel\u00b7ligerant, va acabar influint irremissiblement en l’ambient general (4) \u00c9s l’\u00e8poca, recordem, de la Guerra de Successi\u00f3 (1701-1715), quan Barcelona ser\u00e0 assetjada en dues ocasions, la primera a 1706, i la segona, entre 1713 i 1714.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Per defugir de possibles ensopegades amb la just\u00edcia, els “Desconfiats” debatien de pol\u00edtica mitjan\u00e7ant missatges ocults. Va ser el cas, per exemple, de la representaci\u00f3 d’una obra de teatre sobre els Jocs Ol\u00edmpics, que ja hem vist en un altre article (enlla\u00e7)<\/a> Malauradament, al final, la ciutat ser\u00e0 assetjada i molts dels seus membres moriran durant l’atac, o poc despr\u00e9s de la derrota, com va ser el cas de Joan Gualbes. Malgrat aix\u00f2, l’impuls dels Desconfiats servir\u00e0 de llavor per la formaci\u00f3 de l’actual Reial Acad\u00e8mia de Bones Lletres de Barcelona.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pel que fa a la torre, tornar\u00e0 a ser derru\u00efda i el seu passat oblidat (5) No ser\u00e0 fins a 1900 quan Gaud\u00ed la rescatar\u00e0, proporcionant-li una tercera \u00e8poca d’esplendor. De gran ajuda a sigut tamb\u00e9 la labor del Grup de Recerca de Bellesguard, creat per la fam\u00edlia Guilera, els darrers propietaris en viure en la casa. Ha sigut, precisament, gr\u00e0cies a aquest grup que s’ha pogut rescatar la fascinant figura de Joan Gualbes (6) B\u00e9, fins avui, en les altres entrades d’agost, hem parlat de Bellesguard abans de Gaud\u00ed. La setmana vinent parlarem de com continua la seva hist\u00f2ria despr\u00e9s del mestre, i, en fer-ho, sabrem com va arribar la fam\u00edlia Guilera i el Grup de Recerca a l’actual torre. Fins aviat!<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Batlle Gallart, C., (2007), Els ciutadans honrats de Barcelona. L’exemple dels Gualbes (Segles XIV)<\/em>, Dalmau, Barcelona<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Entre les diferents localitzacions de la guarida de Serrallonga, destaca la seu de l’actual Museu Palmero, a la Vall d’Hebr\u00f3n. Per saber m\u00e9s, consultar el blog: www.serrallonga1640.blogspot.com Seguiu el fill de l’etiqueta “Barcelona”, i, m\u00e9s concretament, l’entrada “El Serrallonga llegendari a Barcelona (1): La Torre de Bellesguard o el Castell d’en Serrallonga” (16 de gener de 2015)<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Vall i Comaposada, Josep M., (2014) Bellesguard. De la resid\u00e8ncia de Mart\u00ed l’Hum\u00e0 a la Torre de Gaud\u00ed<\/em>, Duxelm editorial, Barcelona, p. 79-82<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Galindo L\u00f3pez, E., i Medar de Sagrera, Manuel (2014 ), “Joan de Gualbes i Antoni Gaud\u00ed: Bellesguard i els Desconfiats de la Guerra de Successi\u00f3”, a: Roca Vernet, Jordi (coord.,), Sarri\u00e0 i la causa de les llibertats catalanes<\/em>, Edicions El Mirador-Serveis Editorials, Barcelona, p. 61-76<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Un parell de novel\u00b7les recents s’ambienten en aquella \u00e8poca: Intrigas en la acad\u00e8mia de los desconfiados. El origen del 11 de septiembre de 1714<\/em>, de Gabino Serrano Mart\u00ednez, i, Els savis de la Acad\u00e8mia dels Desconfiats<\/em>, d’\u00c0frica Ragel<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Aguilera, Gema (10\/10\/2023) “L’ultratge borb\u00f2nic a Bellesguard el 1714”, El Temps, p. 25-27. Enlla\u00e7\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n
  7. La principal font d’informaci\u00f3 de Bellesguard es troba a la biblioteca de la Bas\u00edlica dels Sants M\u00e0rtirs Just i Pastor, a Barcelona. En ella ha estat ocult l’arxiu que Joan Gualbes va amagar, poc abans de la caiguda de Barcelona. En ell es guarda tota la hist\u00f2ria de la finca des dels temps de Mart\u00ed I. Un arxiu que, per cert, tamb\u00e9 coneixia Gaud\u00ed… <\/span>Podeu accedir a l’Arxiu en el seg\u00fcent enlla\u00e7: El fons Gualbes. <\/a>Per accedir a un resum, mireu la seg\u00fcent refer\u00e8ncia: Galindo L\u00f3pez, E., i Medarde de Sagrera, Manuel (2014 ), p 20-21<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Per: Ferran Garc\u00e9s A 1410 va morir Mart\u00ed I l’Hum\u00e0, el primer propietari del palau de Bellesguard. Una de les \u00faltimes persones en acompanyar al rei va ser Ferrer de Gualbes, conseller en cap de Barcelona (1) Curiosament, tres segles m\u00e9s tard, a voltants de 1703, un altre Gualbes, restaur\u00e0 el derru\u00eft castell de Bellesguard […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":68614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSaps qu\u00e8? Bellesguard ABANS de Gaud\u00ed, Guarida i Acad\u00e8mia. 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