{"id":189094,"date":"2025-10-24T11:18:10","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T09:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/?p=189094"},"modified":"2025-10-27T11:55:53","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T10:55:53","slug":"did-you-know-what-the-illnesses-of-gaudi-and-the-friends-who-took-care-of-him","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bellesguardgaudi.com\/en\/did-you-know-what-the-illnesses-of-gaudi-and-the-friends-who-took-care-of-him\/","title":{"rendered":"Did you know what? The illnesses of Gaud\u00ed and the friends who took care of him"},"content":{"rendered":"

The year 2026 will be dedicated to commemorating the Catalan architect Antoni Gaud\u00ed i Cornet, coinciding with the centenary of his death on June 10, 1926. However, the celebration will begin on October 31, with joint and individual activities at each building. We will soon announce those planned for Torre Bellesguard.<\/p>\n

It is well known that Gaud\u00ed died from multiple injuries after being hit by a tram. Less known is the fact that, prior to that, he came close to dying at least a couple of times. Today we will talk about these \u201cother possible deaths\u201d and the friends who cared for him. To conclude, we will recall an even more overlooked aspect: the architect himself as a caregiver to his sick friends.<\/p>\n

Early Encounters with Death<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Gaud\u00ed\u2019s first scare came as soon as he entered the world. He was the youngest of five children born to Francesc Gaud\u00ed and Ant\u00f2nia Cornet. Only three reached adulthood: Rosa, the eldest daughter; Francesc, the next; and Anton, as he was called. The other two died shortly before Gaud\u00ed\u2019s birth\u2014Maria, before turning five, and another Francesc, at age two. Anton\u2019s pregnancy was difficult, and the birth traumatic. His life was feared for, and \u201cto save the soul of the child, he was rushed, just hours old, to the church of Sant Pere Ap\u00f2stol\u201d (1).<\/p>\n

Rheumatic Fevers<\/strong><\/h3>\n

As a baby, Gaud\u00ed developed slowly. Around age six, he began suffering from rheumatic fevers. Because of this, he stopped attending school and playing with other children. Instead of the classroom, his \u201cschool\u201d became the landscape surrounding Mas de la Calderera, his parents\u2019 home in Riudoms. There, isolated, according to a well-known biographical tradition, Gaud\u00ed developed a habit of closely observing nature\u2014a habit that would later become a constant source of inspiration. However, some authors\u2014such as Juan Jos\u00e9 Lahuerta Alsina, director of the Gaud\u00ed Chair from 2016 to 2022\u2014believe this episode is part of the idealized anecdotes woven around the architect (2). In any case, rheumatism returned to affect Gaud\u00ed\u2019s health in his later years.<\/p>\n

More Premature Deaths<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The year 1868 is famous for \u201cLa Gloriosa,\u201d a revolt that led Queen Isabella II of Spain to abdicate and flee. That same year, a young Gaud\u00ed packed his bags and moved to Barcelona, where his brother Francesc was already studying medicine. Shortly after, to support their sons, the parents sold their few possessions in Reus and moved to the Catalan capital, living in various rented apartments (see: Gaud\u00ed\u2019s homes).<\/p>\n

To earn a living while studying, Gaud\u00ed worked as a draftsman in the studios of well-known architects. In his free time, he visited libraries, explored the city\u2019s monuments, and frequented artisan workshops in the Barri Vell. In one of these, he formed a close friendship with Lloren\u00e7 Matamala, who made clay and plaster figures. With him, Gaud\u00ed learned to work with these materials. Later, Matamala would become head sculptor of the Sagrada Fam\u00edlia and one of the creators of the famous plaster models Gaud\u00ed used to visualize his works in three dimensions. He would also become one of Gaud\u00ed\u2019s closest friends.<\/p>\n

In 1876, fate began to deal harsh blows to the promising architect. First, his brother Francesc, newly graduated, died suddenly at just twenty-five from hemoptysis. Their inconsolable mother followed him to the grave shortly after, at sixty-three. Tragedies often come in clusters. In 1879, it was his sister Rosa\u2019s turn, at thirty-five. She left behind a three-year-old daughter, Roseta Egea i Gaud\u00ed, but her widower\u2014a musician and alcoholic\u2014abandoned her. The child was then cared for by her grandfather Francesc and uncle Anton. The three lived together for the next three decades. Gaud\u00ed may have been single, but he always lived with family.<\/p>\n

Risk of Fatal Fall<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Around 1892, Gaud\u00ed wanted to complete the apse of the Sagrada Fam\u00edlia. After finishing the first pinnacle, he climbed up with Lloren\u00e7 Matamala and the foreman to inspect the work. Once at the top, he slipped, and his companions grabbed his clothes and pulled him back onto the plank. Back on the ground, visibly shaken, he said: \u201cToday Saint Anthony gave us a warning, protecting us. We must give thanks. From now on, I won\u2019t climb the scaffolding. Since I get distracted, I\u2019ll avoid the danger.\u201d And he kept his word (3), though the scares didn\u2019t end there\u2026<\/p>\n

Risk of Starvation<\/strong><\/h3>\n

During Lent in 1894, Gaud\u00ed nearly died of starvation due to his growing religious fervor. One of his closest friends, Bishop Torras i Bages, saved him with a powerful argument: God\u2019s plan for him was different\u2014to dedicate himself body and soul to the Temple of the Sagrada Fam\u00edlia (4). A young apprentice of the master, Ricard Opisso\u2014later a graphic chronicler of Barcelona\u2014left us an image of this pivotal chapter in the architect\u2019s life, though, as was typical of the illustrator, with a humorous tone.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Gaud\u00ed. A Rigorous Lenten Abstinence\u201d, 1894. Drawing by Ricard Opisso. Source: Astorga editorial.<\/p><\/div>\n

Cerebral Anemia or Nervous Depression<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Around 1910, Gaud\u00ed had become a renowned architect. He had just completed Torre Bellesguard, alongside Casa Batll\u00f3, and was working on Casa Mil\u00e0, Park G\u00fcell, Col\u00f2nia G\u00fcell, and the Sagrada Fam\u00edlia. That year, an exhibition of his work was held in Paris\u2014the first outside Spain\u2014and shortly after, another in Madrid. On the surface, everything seemed to be going well. Seemed\u2026<\/p>\n

On one hand, progress on the Sagrada Fam\u00edlia was slow due to lack of funding, and the construction of Casa Mil\u00e0 (La Pedrera) had led to conflicts with its owners. On the other hand, in 1906, his father had died, and around that time, his niece had developed a drinking habit and suffered frequent attacks. Additionally, the social situation in Barcelona was bleak, following events like the Tragic Week of 1909. Finally, the accumulated exhaustion from previous, highly productive years led the master to suffer a severe crisis. The exact cause is unknown, but it has been attributed to cerebral anemia or nervous depression. Once again, the architect was barely eating.<\/p>\n

Eventually, he had to take a break. He did so in Vic, the city where his close friend Bishop Torras i Bages served. Despite staying in one of the most luxurious mansions\u2014the Rocafiguera family home\u2014Gaud\u00ed, true to his increasingly ascetic nature, chose the most modest room and insisted on maintaining his simple lifestyle.<\/p>\n

Brucellosis or Malta Fever<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The rest did not have the desired effect, and in the spring of the following year, the architect relapsed. This time, it was due to brucellosis, or Malta fever\u2014a bacterial disease usually transmitted from sheep or goats to humans through milk or cheese. To recover, he went even farther, to Puigcerd\u00e0, a small town in the Pyrenees, accompanied by another close friend, Dr. Pere Santal\u00f3, whom he had met around 1878.<\/p>\n

During the first weeks, the architect was bedridden and, believing his final hour had come, wrote his will on June 9, 1911. Roseta was left in the care of a maid and nearby nuns, the Carmelites of Sant Josep de la Muntanya. At first, Dr. Santal\u00f3 prohibited visits and personally reported on the patient\u2019s condition. Later, when signs of improvement appeared, close friends like his patron Eusebi G\u00fcell came to visit (5).<\/p>\n

In the autumn, once his strength returned, he went back to Barcelona. Many successes awaited him, but also new hardships. To begin with, his niece\u2019s condition worsened rapidly. She passed away at the beginning of 1912 at the age of thirty-six. The cause has been debated, but it appears to have been tuberculosis, complicated by alcoholism and high doses of laudanum used to relieve her pain (6).<\/p>\n

An Empty House, Two Loyal Friends<\/strong><\/h3>\n

In his final years, Gaud\u00ed was a celebrity, often visited by people who came to Barcelona and didn\u2019t want to leave without seeing the progress of the Sagrada Fam\u00edlia. Sadly, many of his friends had begun to pass away, as had his last close relatives\u2014his father and niece. For the first time, he was alone at home. Until then, he had always lived with family.<\/p>\n

Then, two loyal friends\u2014among the few still alive\u2014offered to keep him company: sculptor Lloren\u00e7 Matamala and Dr. Santal\u00f3. Taking turns, they accompanied him home and stayed with him overnight. At that time, Gaud\u00ed was working on Park G\u00fcell, where he had a house, Col\u00f2nia G\u00fcell, and the Sagrada Fam\u00edlia. However, resources were dwindling. Sometimes, the architect himself went out to beg for alms to continue the works (7). In 1916, his great mentor Bishop Torras i Bages died in Vic, and two years later, Count G\u00fcell, his main patron, also passed away. From that moment on, Gaud\u00ed focused solely on the Sagrada Fam\u00edlia, more on preparing models and trying to complete at least one fa\u00e7ade\u2014the Nativity fa\u00e7ade\u2014with the hope that it would serve as a guide for future generations.<\/p>\n

From Being Cared For to Caregiver<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Shortly before the accident that ended his life, Gaud\u00ed had the chance to return the favor to his loyal friends. First, by taking care of Lloren\u00e7 Matamala at his home when he was diagnosed with nasal cancer (8). Later, by visiting them when they were bedridden due to illnesses we\u2019ll soon mention. In the following photograph, we see the architect receiving communion at the Sagrada Fam\u00edlia on Good Friday, 1924. Behind Gaud\u00ed, leaning in to kiss the Holy Christ, stands a man with his nose covered by an antiseptic patch. That man is Lloren\u00e7 Matamala.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Gaud\u00ed Receiving Communion on Good Friday, 1924, alongside Lloren\u00e7 Matamala<\/p><\/div>\n

In January 1925, in addition to cancer, Lloren\u00e7 Matamala suffered a stroke and was left bedridden in the apartment where his family lived, near the temple. Gaud\u00ed then left his house in Park G\u00fcell and began spending nights in the Sagrada Fam\u00edlia workshop, from where it was quicker to visit his ailing friend.<\/p>\n

In early 1926, Dr. Santal\u00f3 underwent prostate surgery at a clinic in the Tres Torres neighborhood. Gaud\u00ed also visited him regularly. Before his operation, it was Santal\u00f3 who often accompanied the architect on his walks to Sant Felip Neri. For this reason, on that fateful day\u2014June 7, 1926\u2014when Gaud\u00ed was struck by a tram, he was walking alone. Witnesses recall how both friends were surprised that Don Anton hadn\u2019t come to visit them (9). Neither of them knew what had happened. By the time they received the news, the funeral had already taken place.<\/p>\n

Lloren\u00e7 Matamala lived one more year, and Dr. Santal\u00f3 lived five.<\/p>\n

\n

Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Van Hensbergen, Gijs (2002), Antoni Gaud\u00ed<\/em>, Plaza & Jan\u00e9s, Barcelona, p. 33
\n(2) Lahuerta, Juan Jos\u00e9 (2021), Gaud\u00ed<\/em>, Museu Nacional d\u2019Art de Catalunya, pp. 39\u201344
\n(3) Tarragona i Claras\u00f3, Josep Mar\u00eda (2016), Gaud\u00ed. L\u2019arquitecte de la Sagrada Fam\u00edlia. Biografia breu<\/em>, Torsimany Books, Barcelona, pp. 151\u2013152
\n(4) Ib\u00edd., pp. 161\u2013166
\n(5) Van Hensbergen, Gijs, Op. Cit.<\/em>, p. 272
\n(6) Torres Dom\u00e8nech, Joan (2018), El Gaud\u00ed que no ens han explicat<\/em>, Cosset\u00e0nia Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 94\u201395
\n(7) Tarragona i Claras\u00f3, Op. Cit.<\/em>, pp. 289\u2013298
\n(8) Bassegoda Nonell, Joan (2002), El mestre Gaud\u00ed<\/em>, Pag\u00e8s editors, Barcelona, pp. 168\u2013174
\n(9) Testimony of Dr. Santal\u00f3: Redacci\u00f3, \u201cPere Santal\u00f3 i Castellv\u00ed. Biografia\u201d, Galeria de Metges Catalans website.
\nTestimony of Lloren\u00e7 Matamala: Bassegoda Nonell, Joan, Op. Cit.<\/em>, p. 174<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The year 2026 will be dedicated to commemorating the Catalan architect Antoni Gaud\u00ed i Cornet, coinciding with the centenary of his death on June 10, 1926. However, the celebration will begin on October 31, with joint and individual activities at each building. We will soon announce those planned for Torre Bellesguard. It is well known […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":188569,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-189094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-did-you-know"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDid you know what? 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However, the celebration will begin on October 31, with joint and individual activities at each building. We will soon announce those planned for Torre Bellesguard. 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